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Fake experts drive disinformation before Bangladesh polls

AFP investigation uncovers a disinformation campaign involving fake experts writing pro-government articles in national and international media, potentially influencing Bangladesh’s elections.

The authors use fake photos and questionable credentials, raising concerns about disinformation’s impact.

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1 year ago

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DHAKA, BANGLADESH — Hundreds of articles praising Bangladeshi government policies apparently by independent experts have appeared in national and international media but the authors have questionable credentials, fake photos, and may not even exist, an AFP investigation has found.

Commentators say it is evidence of a sustained campaign of disinformation by unknown actors ahead of elections due by the end of January but appears to be intended to benefit the government of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.

Such articles have been published by Chinese state news agency Xinhua, leading media across Asia, and quoted by the South Asia Brief of the Washington-based Foreign Policy magazine.

Rights groups and foreign powers, including the United States, have long raised concerns over efforts by Hasina’s government to silence criticism and stamp out political dissent.

AFP found that names forming a network of so-called experts are producing regular op-ed pieces, some posing as academics from leading global universities, some using stolen headshot photos, and others making up quotes from real analysts.

“It’s a coordinated influence operation,” said A Al Mamun, a journalism professor at Bangladesh’s University of Rajshahi. “These articles primarily promote narratives that are favourable to the current Bangladesh government.”

A surge of articles appeared online around September 2022, when Bangladesh’s foreign ministry issued a call for “good columnists” to counter negative “propaganda”.

AFP sent multiple requests for comment to top officials at Bangladesh’s foreign ministry and information ministry but received no reply.

Foreign Minister A.K. Abdul Momen told AFP he did “not have enough time” to comment.

No records

AFP analysed more than 700 articles published in at least 60 domestic and international news sites with bylines attributed to 35 names, all of which appeared for the first time online last year.

The articles overwhelmingly endorse narratives pushed by Dhaka, with some posted on Bangladesh government websites.

Many are staunchly pro-Beijing and fiercely critical of Washington — which has issued Dhaka stiff warnings of the need for free and fair elections.

While it was not possible to prove if the 35 names investigated by AFP are real, no online presence apart from their articles could be found, none has a visible social media profile, and none has published research papers in academic journals.

At least 17 of the 35 claimed links to major Western and Asian universities but AFP’s digital verification reporters found no records for them.

Eight major universities confirmed that they had never heard of nine of the writers purportedly working for them, including the University of Delaware in the United States, Canada’s University of Toronto, Switzerland’s University of Lucerne, and the National University of Singapore.

“We checked our school records and do not find his name on our rolls,” India’s Jawaharlal Nehru University said about one purported writer claiming ties.

Headshot photographs of eight of the reported columnists belong to other people, including a popular fashion influencer on Indian social media.

AFP also found examples where the same article was published using different names in English and in Bengali.

Among the names is Doreen Chowdhury, a seemingly industrious columnist who has written at least 60 articles praising Dhaka’s government, supporting growing ties with China, and warning that gun violence in the United States is a “threat to human rights”.

Chowdhury’s photograph is taken from an Indian actor, while the University of Groningen in the Netherlands — where Chowdhury is reportedly a doctoral researcher in politics — said it has no record of her.

AFP received a response from the email address listed beneath the articles that said Chowdhury was an “alias to avoid security concerns”, but the email’s author declined to provide a real identity or explain the use of a false photograph.

‘Entirely fabricated’

Fumiko Yamada, who has had articles published in outlets including the Bangkok Post and a blog by the London School of Economics, is portrayed as a specialist in Bangladesh Studies at Australia’s University of Melbourne.

However, AFP found that there are no records of her there and that “Bangladesh Studies” is not a specific research study area.

Articles attributed to Yamada range from praising Hasina’s “vital counsel” to blasting Washington’s “double standards towards the democracy and human rights of others by incessantly interfering in their internal affairs”.

Other articles include fake quotes from real experts.

Gerard McCarthy, a professor at the International Institute of Social Studies in the Netherlands, said “entirely fabricated” quotes attributed to him were used in an article condemning “Western duplicity” towards Myanmar, written under the byline Prithwi Raj Chaturvedi.

Newspaper editors said they printed articles in good faith, after reading their academic background and seeing them published elsewhere.

“We trusted the credentials,” said Mubin S Khan, feature editor of Dhaka’s Business Standard.

Bangladesh’s Daily New Age editor Nurul Kabir said he had been sent a slew of op-ed pitches in early 2023, “mostly on topics like Bangladesh’s relations with India, China and USA”.

He later stopped publishing them, fearing they were “mercenary writers” being pushed by “vested” interests but was shocked to learn they appeared to be fictitious.

“I should have been a little more conscious in this age of disinformation and propaganda about checking the identities of the writers,” he said.

— AFP

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Bangladesh

Former Bangladeshi minister’s US$695 million asset empire revealed amid corruption scandal

Al Jazeera’s documentary exposes a US$695 million asset empire amassed by Saifuzzaman Chowdhury, a former Bangladeshi minister, despite earning an annual salary of just US$13,000. Authorities have frozen his bank accounts and launched a money laundering probe, while Chowdhury denies any wrongdoing, calling it a political attack.

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7 hours ago

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19 September 2024

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Al Jazeera has released a documentary revealing a US$695 million asset empire amassed by Saifuzzaman Chowdhury, a former Bangladeshi land minister and close ally of ex-Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.

The investigation highlights how Chowdhury built this wealth, which includes extensive property holdings as well as other assets, while earning an annual salary of just US$13,000. He acquired luxury properties in London, Dubai, and New York, without declaring these assets to Bangladeshi tax authorities.

Bangladeshi authorities have frozen Chowdhury’s bank accounts and launched an investigation into claims of money laundering.

Al Jazeera’s Investigative Unit, which began its probe before a major political uprising in Bangladesh, uncovered this fortune through undercover operations, tracing the minister’s undisclosed assets.

Chowdhury denies the allegations, calling the investigation a political attack.

Sheikh Hasina, the former prime minister, is currently in exile in India after her government was toppled following a violent crackdown on student protests in July.

Widespread protests erupted over allegations of corruption and brutality by the political elite, which ultimately led to demonstrators storming her official residence. Hasina resigned and fled to India, while many of her ministers, including Chowdhury, also fled the country.

Chowdhury’s property portfolio is vast. Between 2016 and 2021, he purchased 265 homes across the UK, many from leading developers like Barclay Group.

In 2021, he added a US$16 million London property to his collection. By 2022, he had acquired 360 properties worth over US$250 million in the UK alone. His holdings also include 54 properties in Dubai’s most exclusive areas and several luxury apartments in New York and New Jersey.

Bangladesh’s strict foreign currency laws limit citizens to transferring no more than US$12,000 abroad annually without special approval.

However, Chowdhury allegedly bypassed these regulations by funnelling funds through his business interests in Dubai, which enabled him to finance his overseas purchases.

His network of advisors, including estate agents and lawyers, helped him set up offshore companies and secure financing, further complicating the trail of his wealth.

Chowdhury, who held key political positions, was promoted to Land Minister in 2019 under Hasina’s government. He claims his fortune is linked to legitimate business activities, including his stake in UCB Bank, one of Bangladesh’s largest banks.

In an earlier press conference in February, Chowdhury said, “My father had been doing business in London since 1967. I myself studied in the United States and has been doing business there since 1991. Then I expanded my business to London.”

However, in the documentary, he confesses in a secretly recorded video to channelling money from his business in Dubai, which has transactions with his businesses in Bangladesh.

He also admits that Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina was aware of his business dealings abroad.

The documentary alleges that UCB Bank has also come under scrutiny, with shareholders accusing Chowdhury of siphoning funds. The central bank of Bangladesh has since dissolved UCB’s board, and authorities are investigating further.

Singapore-based DBS Bank, one of Asia’s largest banks, is also named for its involvement.

According to the investigation, DBS initially faced compliance issues when onboarding Chowdhury’s companies due to his status as a politically exposed person (PEP), which requires stricter scrutiny. Despite these challenges, DBS was said to have eventually approved 19 loans to Chowdhury’s companies, helping finance his extensive property acquisitions, including in London.

It, however, pales in comparison to the role of Market Financial Solutions (MFS), a Mayfair-based lending firm that provided hundreds of loans to Chowdhury, significantly contributing to the financing of his property empire. The documentary suggests that MFS played a central role in helping Chowdhury acquire properties in London, demonstrating how such networks of lenders facilitated the expansion of his undisclosed wealth.

MFS and DBS said to Al Jazeera that they had conducted all anti-money laundering checks required by law, including enhanced diligence for PEPs.

The documentary highlights how weak regulatory oversight in the UK and Dubai allowed Chowdhury to build this empire undetected.

Chowdhury’s ability to purchase property in London, despite his politically exposed status, has prompted calls for stronger enforcement of anti-money laundering laws in these countries. Experts argue that the case underscores the need for stricter regulation of financial dealings with foreign officials and PEPs.

Chowdhury’s whereabouts are currently unknown, but he continues to deny any wrongdoing, saying that he complies with all Bangladesh tax laws and that his business dealings are legitimate and subject to enhanced due diligence. He told Al Jazeera that the funds used to purchase the properties mentioned in the documentary come from his legitimate, long-standing business outside of Bangladesh.

His case has become a symbol of Bangladesh’s broader corruption challenges, with mounting public protests demanding accountability from its former leaders.

 

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Bangladesh

Prominent Bangladeshi human rights defenders convicted, sparking international outcry

FORUM-ASIA and its member organizations express solidarity with Bangladeshi human rights defenders, Adilur Rahman Khan and ASM Nasiruddin Elan, following their conviction by the Dhaka Cyber Tribunal.

The defenders, known for their work with Odhikar, have faced persistent harassment since revealing extrajudicial killings in 2013. FORUM-ASIA calls for their immediate release and urges Bangladesh to respect human rights and uphold international commitments.

Published

1 year ago

on

19 September 2023

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DHAKA, BANGLADESH: The Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA), in collaboration with its member organisations, has issued a joint statement to stand in firm solidarity with distinguished Bangladeshi human rights defenders, Adilur Rahman Khan and ASM Nasiruddin Elan.

This follows the alarming news of their recent conviction to two years of imprisonment and a subsequent fine by the Dhaka Cyber Tribunal.

Adil and Elan are well-recognised for their relentless efforts at Odhikar, a leading organisation monitoring civil and political rights infringements in Bangladesh.

Their extensive work has captured significant instances of human rights transgressions, ranging from extrajudicial executions to grievous violence against women and minorities.

The duo, and by extension Odhikar, have been subjected to persistent judicial harassment since 2013.

This came in the wake of a report they released, revealing the extrajudicial killing of 61 individuals during a single-night clampdown on demonstrators.

In retaliation, authorities framed Adil and Elan with charges under Section 57 of the Information and Communications Technology Act of 2006, accusing them of disseminating “false and defamatory electronic information.”

Both faced prolonged periods of arbitrary detention before securing bail, with Adil detained for 62 days and Elan for 25.

Odhikar, along with its esteemed members Adil and Elan, has been a frequent target of orchestrated slander campaigns in response to their human rights activism.

Their organisation’s registration faced non-renewal in 2022 by the NGO Affairs Bureau (NGOAB), pointing to purportedly ‘erroneous information’ they published on extrajudicial executions. This decision was further backed by the Prime Minister’s Office.

Speaking on the matter, Mary Aileen Diez-Bacalso, FORUM-ASIA’s Executive Director, said, “The conviction, especially during the 25th anniversary of the UN Declaration of Human Rights Defenders, epitomises an alarming trend to suppress dissent and target the foundational values of democracy and rule of law. Bangladesh’s actions in this matter gravely conflict with their international obligations.”

It is critical to highlight that Bangladesh’s government has shown minimal initiative in addressing recommendations from prior Universal Periodic Reviews.

Many of these recommendations, chiefly focusing on the protection of human rights defenders from intimidation, have been largely ignored.

FORUM-ASIA, along with its allied bodies, is urging the Bangladesh government for the immediate and unconditional release of Adil and Elan.

They are appealing to the authorities to respect the rights of human rights defenders and ensure their safety.

The consortium stresses the importance of refraining from the criminalisation of human rights activities and calls on the government to honour its international commitments, encompassing the rights to free expression, association, and peaceful assembly.

Signatories of joint statement

  1. Cambodian Human Rights and Development Association (ADHOC)
  2. AWAZ Foundation Pakistan: Centre for Development Services (AWAZCDS)
  3. Balay Alternative Legal Advocates for Development in Mindanaw (BALAOD-Mindanaw), The Philippines
  4. Banglar Manabadhikar Suraksha Mancha (MASUM), India
  5. Bir Duino, Kyrgyzstan
  6. Bytes for All, Pakistan
  7. Centre for Human Rights and Development (CHRD), Mongolia
  8. Civil Society and Human Rights Network (CSHRN), Afghanistan
  9. Defence of Human Rights (DHR), Pakistan
  10. Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA)
  11. Human Rights Measurement Initiative (HRMI), New Zealand
  12. International Legal Initiative Public Foundation (ILI Foundation), Kazakhstan
  13. Informal Sector Service Center (INSEC), Nepal
  14. Karapatan Alliance Philippines (Karapatan)
  15. Kazakhstan International Bureau for Human Rights and Rule of Law (KIBHR)
  16. Cambodian League for the Promotion and Defense of Human Rights (LICADHO)
  17. Maldivian Democracy Network
  18. National Center Against Violence (NCAV), Mongolia
  19. Philippine Alliance of Human Rights Advocates (PAHRA)
  20. People’s Watch, India
  21. PhilRights
  22. People’s Solidarity for Participatory Democracy (PSPD), South Korea
  23. Public Association “Dignity”, Kazakhstan
  24. Pusat KOMAS, Malaysia
  25. Task Force Detainees of the Philippines (TFDP)
  26. Think Centre, Singapore
  27. Women’s Rehabilitation Centre (WOREC), Nepal

 

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